托福SAT寫作如何實現詞匯多樣化？推薦一本超實用英文學習工具書

22 閱讀 0 評論 0 點讚

如何做到用词和句式多样化是英文写作中的一个难点，要做到这一点除了平时多阅读多总结之外，还可以借助一些实用的工具书，比如今天要介绍的Longman essay activator。

Longman essay activator专门针对学术写作设计，整本书将学术写作中常见的短语句型分为28类，比如优势/劣势、原因/结果、对比、强调、举例、问题以及解决方案等。针对每一类短语句型，书中都给出了大量的替换表达以及详细说明。

这有助于我们在写作中实现用词和句式多样。举个例子，之前文章中我分析了一道雅思写作题目：

Most of the world’s problems are caused by overpopulation. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

在写这篇作文时不可避免会涉及到“XX导致了XX问题”这样的说法，那么除了cause之外，还有哪些替换说法呢？在Longman essay activator中查阅Causes这一类别的表达，可以看到这样的结果：

可以看到，除了cause之外，我们还可以用lead to/result in/give rise to/be responsible for等说法来替代，比如：

Overpopulation causes/leads to/results in/gives rise to/is responsible for most of the world’s problems.

同时，书中对于替换表达都给出了符合学术写作语境的例句，这有助于我们准确应用它们。比如对于agree的替换表达subscribe to a view/theory etc. 书中给出了两条例句：

(1) There are a number of scientists who subscribe to the view that there is a God who controls the workings of the universe.

(2) Some people think that there are cases where torture is justified. I, for one, do not subscribe to this theory.

这两条例句提供了非常好的句式：There are a number of XX who subscribe to the view that… / Some people think that…I, for one, do not subscribe to… （I, for one…是一个固定表达，用于对自己的观点进行强调），我们在平时写作中可以直接套用：

(1) There are a number of people who subscribe to the view that advertising aimed at children should be banned. They argue that since children are not fully aware of the persuasive aim and purpose of advertisements, they might be persuaded to buy products that they do not really need, or worse, products that are harmful to their health.

(2) Some people think that it is wrong to use animals in medical research. I, for one, do not subscribe to this view. Almost all major medical breakthroughs of the past hundred years relied on animal testing to a significant degree, and it is no exaggeration to say every human alive has benefited from it.

此外，书中对于一些容易用错的表达还提供了语法点说明，比如对于agree这个词不能说agree somebody’s opinion/agree to somebody’s opinion，而要说agree with somebody’s opinion